MSC HistoryChapter:
From Revolution to Reform
Establishment of a Permanent Medical Department
At War With Ourselves
Toward an Ambulance Corps
The Letterman Plan
Other Emerging Specialties
From Appomattox to Havana
Lessons From the War With Spain
Emerging Themes
2. WORLD WAR I: THE AMBULANCE SERVICE
Volunteer Ambulance Officers
Medical Department Organization and Doctrine
The U.S. Army Ambulance Service
Over There
Summary
3. WORLD WAR I: THE SANITARY CORPS
Administrative Specialty Officers
Scientific Specialty Officers
Summary
Formation of the Medical Administrative Corps
Proposals for a Pharmacy Corps
Administrative Specialty Officers
Scientific Specialty Officers
Summary
5. WORLD WAR II: THE ADMINISTRATIVE SPECIALTIES
Medical Administrative Corps Expansion
Officer Candidate Schools
Administrative Specialty Officers
Summary
6. WORLD WAR II: THE SCIENTIFIC SPECIALTIES
A Modernized Medical Team
A Medical Research and Development Team
Malaria
External Influences
Summary
7. MEDICAL SUPPORT FOR A WORLD POWER
Creation of the Medical Service Corps
The Formative Years of the New Corps
The Army-Baylor Program
Administrative Specialty Officers
Scientific Specialty Officers
Summary
The MSC Contribution
Developments in the Corps
Developments in the Administrative Specialties
Developments in the Scientific Specialties
Summary
Developments in the Corps
Opportunity
Developments in the Administrative Specialties
Developments in the Scientific Specialties
Summary
10. MEDICAL SERVICE CORPS OFFICERS IN VIETNAM
The Medical Department in Vietnam
MSC Officers in the Theater of Operations
Scientific Specialties
Medical Logistics
Dustoff
Summary
11. THE CORPS DURING THE VIETNAM ERA
Medical Department Organization
Developments in the Corps
Developments in the Administrative Specialties
Developments in the Scientific Specialties
Summary
Modernization of Field Medical Support
Developments in the Corps
Opportunity
Developments in the Administrative Specialties
Developments in the Scientific Specialties
Summary
Panama
The Persian Gulf
A Time of Change
The Future
APPENDIXES
A. Milestones in the Evolution of the Medical Service Corps, 1775-1994
B. First Officers Appointed in the Regular Army Medical Administrative Corps
C. Zone of the Interior Hospital Positions Opened to Medical Administrative Corps Officers in 1941
D. Chiefs and Assistant Chiefs of the Medical Service Corps, 1947-1994
E. Specialties of the Medical Allied Sciences Section, May 1948
F. National Organizations Invited To Attend the Medical Allied Sciences Conference, 27-28 May 1948
G. Biographies of the Chiefs of the Medical Service Corps
H. Medical Service Corps Specialties in 1961
I. Principal Attempts at Writing the MSC History
J. Carmack Medal Winners, 1958-1996
K. Medical Service Corps Specialties in 1972
L. Medical Service Corps Specialties in 1982
M. Medical Service Corps Specialties in 1994
N. Chief, Medical Service Corps, Award of Excellence, 1982-1994
Tables
1. Sanitary Corps Officers by Specialty Area and Grade on Active Duty, 1 November 1918
2. Strength of the Sanitary Reserve Corps, 1921-1941
3. Strength of the Medical Administrative Officers' Reserve Corps, 1921-1941
4. MSC Command Opportunity, 1994
5. Persian Gulf Medical Command and Control
Charts
1. World War I Echelons of Medical Support
2. World War II Echelons of Medical Support
5. Post-Vietnam Echelons of Medical Support
Illustrations
America's First Apothecary General
U.S. Sanitary Commission Lodge for Invalid Soldiers
Maj. Jonathan Letterman and Staff
57th New York Ambulance Corps Wagons Remove Wounded, Battle of Fredericksburg
Confederate Army Capt. Sally Louisa Tompkins
Field Hospital at the 'Bloody Ford' of San Juan Creek
Red Cross Nurse Helps Sick Soldier, Camp Wikoff, New York
Ernest Hemingway in Italy, 1919
Inspector General A. Piatt Andrew
Standard Ford Ambulance With Storm Curtains
117th Sanitary Train Officers, France, 1918
137th Ambulance Company Dressing Station, Germany, 1918
Main Gate to Camp Crane, Pennsylvania
Standard General Motors Ambulance Chassis
Disassembled Ambulance Boxed for Shipment
Sanitary Corps Officers in France, 1919
Renault Truck Outfitted With Mobile X-Ray Equipment
Staff of Cornell School of Roentgenology, 1917
Bacteriological Department, Dijon, France
Field Laboratory Car, Internal and External Views
Sanitary Corps Food Expert, Dijon, France
School of Military Psychology Staff, 1918
Parade Ground, Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania, 1925
Basic Course Students, Medical Field Service School, 1925
Army Industrial College Class of 1929-30
Officer Candidate School Class, Carlisle Barracks, 1941
Capt. Louis F. Williams Lecturing at Medical Field Service School
2d Lt. Elliotte J. Williams With OCS Students
OCS Candidates at Camp Barkeley, Texas
Station Hospital Staff, Fort Pepperrell, Newfoundland
Medical Administration Staff, 19th Medical Service Detachment, New Guinea
Douglas Transport Plane Adapted as Air Ambulance
Piper Cub Modified for Use as Air Ambulance
U.S. Army Medical Supply Depot, New Caledonia
1945 Calendar Promoting Disease Control
Sanitary Corps Officer Tests Water Specimens, Iceland
Army Industrial Hygiene Laboratory Personnel
Nutrition Officer Conducts Mess Survey in Mississippi
9th General Hospital Laboratory, New Guinea
2d Lt. Robert E. Pryor Oversees Loading of Supplies
17th Malaria Survey Unit, New Guinea
Pharmacy Officer at 8th Evacuation Hospital, Italy
Lt. Col. Raymond J. Karpen, Lt. Col. Charles S. Gersoni, and Maj. John V. Painter
Hospital Administration Course Graduates, 1953
Helicopter Landing on Deck of Haven
1st Battalion, 9th Infantry, Aid Station
Maj. Herman A. Walker With Chinese Prisoner of War
45th Mobile Army Surgical Hospital
Wounded United Nations POW on Evacuation Helicopter
WACs Check Blood Machine, Camp Roberts Army Hospital
Maj. Edward H. Frick at Seventh Army Commander's Preventive Maintenance Course
Medical Research Team Member Performs Laboratory Test
Col. (Ret.) and Mrs. George W. Hunter III in Japan
Students Demonstrate Vigotsky Test of Concept Formation
Health Services Trainees Arrive at Fort Sam Houston, Texas
Maj. Gen. Laurence A. Potter and Lt. Col. John W. Hammet
Col. (Ret.) Joseph Carmack Presents Award to 1st Lt. Charles B. Counselman
Corps Anniversary Celebration, Verdun, France
MSC Officers Learn To Strap Litter to H-13 Helicopter
Optical Department, Rhine Medical Depot
2d Lt. John L. Charlton, Jr., Examines Patient
Army Social Work Recruiting Poster
Sanitary Engineers Meeting, 1959
Optometry Officer Checks Patient
32d Medical Depot Optical Laboratory
'Pee House of the August Moon'
Maj. Charles L. Kelly With Brig. Gen. Joseph W. Stilwell
1st Lt. Henry O. Tuell III and Capt. Howard Elliott in a Dustoff Operation
Medical Service Corps Recruiting Bulletin, 1971
Female Officers at Medical Field Service School
Col. William C. Luehrs With Lt. Gen. Hal B. Jennings, Jr.
Military and Civilian Pharmacists Work Together
Parasitologist at 9th Medical Laboratory
Audiologist Fits Patient With Hearing Aid
Army Optometrist Examines Eskimo Patient
Remains of Gander Crash Victims Arrive at Dover Air Force Base
Lt. Col. Michael A. Shannon and Maj. Donald Fornier
Medical Technician Is Lowered From Black Hawk Helicopter
Capt. Millie Hughes-Fulford Aboard theColumbia
Soldiers Use Helicopter Transport During Operation DESERT SHIELD
Maj. Arthur W. Hapner in Grenada
Building Burns During Fighting in Operation JUST CAUSE
Fielding Mobile CT Scan to 86th Evacuation Hospital
Medical Supply Officer in Saudi Arabia
Buildings Destroyed by Hurricane Andrew
Capt. Steve Horosko III in Somalia
Children's Ward at Hospital in Haiti
Brig. Gen. Walter F. Johnson III
