History

Reorganization of the War Department
The Surgeon General`s New Position
The Wadhams Committee
Changes in the Surgeon General`s Office
A Dispute About General Planning for Hospitalization and Evacuation

V. HOSPITAL PLANTS IN THE UNITED STATES

Types of Construction
Estimates of Hospital Capacity Needed
Location, Siting, and Internal Arrangement of Hospital Plants
Maintenance of Hospital Plants
Conformity of Hospital Construction to Needs

VI. EARLY ADJUSTMENTS IN THE ZONE OF INTERIOR HOSPITAL SYSTEM

Command Relationships of Hospitals
Special Types of ASF Station Hospitals
Port and Debarkation Hospitals
Designation of General Hospitals for Specialized Treatment
The Question of Establishing Convalescent Hospitals

VII. MINOR CHANGES IN HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATION

Question of Simplified Organization and Internal Administrative Procedures
Efforts To Shorten the Average Period of Hospitalization
Early Changes in the Size and Composition of Hospital Staffs
Problem of Furnishing Supplies and Equipment for Hospitals

VIII. PROVIDING HOSPITALIZATION FOR THEATERS OF OPERATIONS

Meeting Early Emergency Needs
Modification of Hospitals for Overseas Areas
Hospital Units in the Troop Basis
The Question of Equipping and Using Numbered Hospitals in the Zone of Interior
Preparing for the Support of Offensive Warfare

PART THREE

Hospitalization in the Later War Years, Mid-1943-l946

INTRODUCTION

IX. FURTHER CHANGES IN ORGANIZATION AND RESPONSIBILITIES FOR HOSPITALIZATION

Relationship of The Surgeon General With Other War Department Agencies
Expanding and Strengthening the Surgeon General`s Office

X. ADJUSTMENTS AND CHANGES IN THE ZONE OF INTERIOR HOSPITAL SYSTEM

Closure of Surplus Station Hospital Facilities
Establishment of Regional Hospitals
Development of Convalescent Hospitals
Merger of Adjacent Hospitals
Attempts To Limit the Use of General Hospitals as Debarkation Hospitals
Extension of the Practice of Establishing Specialized Centers
General Hospitals for Prisoners of War
Establishment of Hospital Centers

XI. BED REQUIREMENTS IN THE ZONE OF INTERIOR

First Attempts To Base Requirements on an Estimate of the Patient Load
Movement To Reduce the Number of Hospital Beds in the United States
Changes in the Manner of Reporting Beds
Meeting Increased Requirements for the Peak Patient Load

XII. ESTIMATING AND MEETING REQUIREMENTS OF THEATERS FOR HOSPITAL BEDS

Factors Influencing Bed Requirements
Establishment of Bed Ratios for Theaters of Operations
Efforts To Provide Theaters With Authorized Quotas of Beds
Estimating Requirements for Major Combat Operations
Movement To Reduce Authorized Bed Ratios
The Problem of the European Theater in the Winter of 1944-45

XIII. CHANGES IN POLICIES AND PROCEDURES AFFECTING THE OCCUPANCY OF HOSPITAL BEDS IN THE ZONE OF INTERIOR

Problem of Limiting Hospital Admissions
Measures To Shorten the Length of Patient-Stay

XIV. CHANGES IN SIZE AND MAKE-UP OF THE STAFFS OF ZONE OF INTERIOR HOSPITALS

General Nature of Changes
Wider Use of Administrative Officers
Alleviation of the "Shortage" of Army Nurses
Greater Use of Limited Service Men
Replacement of Military by Civilian Employees
Use of Wacs in Army Hospitals
Use of Prisoners of War in Army Hospitals

XV. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE INTERNAL ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF HOSPITALS IN THE UNITED STATES

Simplification of Administrative Procedures
Work-Measurement and Work-Simplification Programs
Additional Activities and Their Place in The Organizational Structure of Hospitals
Effect on Hospitals of the ASF Standard Plan for Post Organization
Emergence of Standard Plans for Hospitals
Details of the Medical Department`s Standard Plans

XVI. CHANGES IN THE ORGANIZATION AND EQUIPMENT OF HOSPITAL UNITS PREPARED FOR OVERSEAS SERVICE

Trend Toward Use of Larger Units
Cuts in Personnel of Hospital Units
New Hospital Units
Changes in Supplies and Equipment

XVII. HOSPITAL CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE

Providing Housing for Additional Beds in General and Convalescent Hospitals in the United States Construction of Additional Facilities at Existing Hospital Plants
Improvements in Existing Hospital Plants
Housing for Hospitals in Theaters of Operations

XVIII. RETURN TO A PEACETIME BASIS

Redeployment and Demobilization of Numbered Hospital Units
Contraction of the Zone of Interior Hospital System

PART FOUR

Evacuation to and in the Zone of Interior

INTRODUCTION

XIX. ESTIMATED AND ACTUAL REQUIREMENTS FOR EVACUATION FROM THEATERS OF OPERATIONS

XX. DEVELOPMENT OF PROCEDURES FOR EVACUATION FROM THEATERS TO THE ZONE OF INTERIOR

Procedures for Sea Evacuation
Procedures for Air Evacuation
Procedures for Debarkation

XXI. MOVEMENT OF PATIENTS IN THE UNITED STATES

Regulating the Flow of Patients
Procedures for Rail Evacuation
Procedures for Air Evacuation

XXII. PROVIDING THE MEANS FOR EVACUATION BY LAND

Motor Ambulances
Hospital Trains
Problems in Manning Hospital Trains
Supplies and Equipment for Hospital Trains

XXIII. PROVIDING THE MEANS FOR EVACUATION BY SEA

Ships` Hospitals and Hospital Ships
Medical Attendants for Service on Transports
Hospital Ship Complements
Problems in Providing Supplies and Equipment for Hospital Ships and Transports

XXIV. PROVIDING THE MEANS FOR EVACUATION BY AIR

Aircraft
Medical Flight Attendants
Efforts To Supply Appropriate Equipment for Air Evacuation

XXV. EVACUATION UNITS FOR THEATERS OF OPERATIONS

Organization, Personnel, and Equipment
Activation, Training, and Use in the United States

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE

Tables

No.

1. Comparison of the War Department`s Plan and The Surgeon General`s Recommendation for Fixed Beds for Theaters of Operations
2. Army Hospitals Established in Converted Civilian Buildings by End of 1943
3. Building Schedule for Type-A Hospital, General Hospital Plan
4. Positions and Ranks in Zone of Interior Hospitals Permitted but not Required To Be Filled by Medical Administrative Corps Officers, 9 April 1941
5. Hospital Units Shipped Overseas, 7 December 1941 to 1 July 1942
6. Affiliated General Hospital Units
7. Affiliated Evacuation Hospital Units
8. Use of Nonaffiliated General Hospital Units Activated during 1941
9. Use of Nonaffiliated Station Hospital Units Activated during 1941
10. Use of Nonaffiliated Evacuation Hospital Units Activated during 1940 and 1941
11. Use of Nonaffiliated Surgical Hospital Units Activated during 1940 and 1941
12. ASF Debarkation Hospitals
13. Hospitalization Data as of 29 June 1945
14. Evacuation Policies and Authorized Bed Ratios, Major Theaters of Operations
15. U. S. Army General Hospitals in the United States during World War II
16. Patients Debarked in the United States, 1920-45
17. Hospital Car Procurement Program, 1940-45
18. United States Army Hospital Ships in World War II